HOSA Foundations of Nutrition Practice Test

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• Which solute in the extracellular fluid is principally responsible for maintaining fluid balance?
• Which digestive component emulsifies fats to aid their digestion?
• Which fibrous carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans?
• Which term refers to hardening of the arteries due to plaque formation in the inner lining?
• Glycogen is the storage form of which sugar?
• What is the term for chest pain due to inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle?
• Maltase, sucrase, and lactase are produced in which part of the digestive system?
• Which nutrient combination is specifically associated with supporting red blood cell formation during pregnancy?
• Pernicious anemia is mainly caused by an inability to absorb B12 due to problems with gastric secretions and intrinsic factor receptors. Which term best describes this condition?
• Which organ stores and concentrates bile and releases it in response to CCK?
• Which enzymes are involved in digesting disaccharides such as maltose, sucrose, and lactose?
• Megadoses of which vitamins are more common because they are stored in the body's fatty tissues?
• Into which segment of the small intestine does chyme pass after leaving the stomach?
• Which nutrient deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia?
• Which element is found in all body cells?
• Nutrients found only in food are referred to as what?
• Iron is a necessary component of which molecule?
• Which milk is a good source of copper?
• Which pathogen is particularly associated with illness from ready-to-eat foods and can grow in the refrigerator?
• Which sequence correctly lists the three sections of the small intestine in order from beginning to end?
• Night blindness is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which dietary guidance suggests low fat protein provided but not in excess?
• Which cuisine highlights seafood, eggs, and pork as protein sources alongside grains?
• Fat alternative for ice cream?
• Which carbohydrate is known for being dietary fiber and is indigestible by humans?
• Maltose is formed during digestion of which carbohydrate?
• What term describes reduced blood flow that hinders nutrient delivery to tissues?
• What is the protein that occurs in blood plasma?
• Which enzyme converts starches to simple sugars?
• Which vitamins are commonly increased during pregnancy to support red blood cell formation?
• What is the process called when nutrients are taken up in the intestines?
• Lipoprotein described as essential for the protection of nerves. Which substance is this?
• Which term is a plasma protein that helps maintain blood volume and osmotic balance?
• Sodium is important in which process related to concentration gradients?
• What system in the body regulates acid-base balance?
• Neural tube defects such as spina bifida are caused by the deficiency of which nutrient?
• Botulism is the deadliest form of which type of poisoning?
• Organ meats are a good source of which vitamins?
• Glucose and fructose are examples of which carbohydrate category?
• Which cuisine includes pickled herring among its foods?
• What is the medical term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen?
• What is the recommended daily protein intake (in ounces) for a 2000-calorie diet?
• Which organ secretes insulin?
• Lactose, a common sugar in dairy, is primarily found in which foods?
• Inorganic elements to help build and repair tissues are called?
• Which artificial sweetener is made from two amino acids and does not require insulin for metabolism?
• What organic substance is defined as a substance that causes changes in other substances?
• Which section is the first part of the small intestine?
• Zinc deficiency is associated with which of the following?
• Which chronic disease involves the joints?
• Which cuisine notes that pork and chicken are common, with beef sausage and fish also popular?
• Which term describes the deficiency condition caused by lack of vitamins in general?
• Which organism produces a neurotoxin that causes double vision and paralysis and is commonly associated with improperly canned foods?
• Prevention of rickets is achieved with which vitamin?
• Which cuisine lists lentils, beans, and milk as primary protein sources?
• Glycogen stores energy for about how long?
• Which component of blood carries oxygen?
• A large lipid molecule made from glycerol and three fatty acids; function as energy-storage molecules. What is this called?
• Which vitamins are water soluble?
• A protein deficiency that can cause edema is known as what?
• Which vitamin is involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids and is essential for nerve and muscle action, and is absorbed in the small intestine?
• Which foods are considered low-nutrient-density?
• Protective systems regulating hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids are known as what?
• What is the primary source of dietary fiber?
• Prevention of rickets is achieved with which vitamin?
• What is the energy required to maintain life-sustaining activities at rest for a given period called?
• Which fat is healthiest for frying among common cooking fats?
• What is the name of the semi-fluid mass that leaves the stomach?
• Which fluid is the liquid component of blood?
• Which drugs are intended to inhibit appetite?
• Which term refers to a microorganism that can sometimes be pathogenic?
• Which element is necessary for growth and health and is found in proteins?
• Which vitamin is described as heat-stable and not easily oxidized?
• Which B vitamin is necessary for metabolism?
• Which nutrients are used primarily to provide energy?
• Adipose tissue is best described as which of the following?
• Which nutrients are used mainly to repair body tissues?
• Which ion maintains extracellular fluid osmolarity?
• Which hormone triggers the gallbladder to release bile for fat digestion?
• Craving non food substances during pregnancy is known as what?
• Which nutrient can decrease blood cholesterol levels?
• Which disease is managed with a gluten-controlled diet?
• An infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea is most accurately called which term?
• Which hormone, also known as ADH, reduces urine output to prevent dehydration?
• Which sterol is essential for the synthesis of bile acids, hormones, vitamin D, and can contribute to plaque formation?
• Which tissue protects, insulates, and stores fat, and is located beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, and on the surface of the heart?
• Chronic malabsorption diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease commonly lead to deficiency of which vitamins?
• Which hormone is released when food reaches the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize chyme?
• In the small intestine, protein digestion continues due to which enzymes?
• When carbohydrate intake is insufficient, the liver produces what as an alternative energy source?
• For digestion, fats require which components?
• Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide that humans cannot digest and is a major component of what?
• BMR is calculated by converting weight to kilograms and multiplying by 24, with adjustments for gender. Which of the following describes that adjustment?
• What is the active form of vitamin A?
• Which mineral is known to work with calcium to support bone health?
• Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted through unpasteurized milk, contaminated water, raw meat, and shellfish, with symptoms including diarrhea, fever, headache, abdominal pain, and nausea. Which organism is this?
• What term describes products grown without pesticides?
• What is the typical cooking temperature range in Fahrenheit?
• Which term describes energy expenditure at rest to maintain basic bodily functions?
• Which term refers to the mass of chewed food and saliva in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed?
• The inner part of the kernel of grain, the endosperm, primarily contains which carbohydrate?
• Oatrim is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Fat alternative for snack foods?
• Which statement best describes incomplete proteins?
• Temperatures that encourage bacterial growth fall within which range?
• Which condition benefits from a high-fiber diet to prevent complications?
• Which protozoan parasite is associated with gastroenteritis and is often linked to contaminated water?
• Pernicious anemia is caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?
• A person who is capable of spreading an infectious organism but is not sick is called a?
• Which bacterium is known for growing at refrigeration temperatures and can cause illness?
• Which condition involves excess base or loss of acids from the body?
• Which bacterium causes shigellosis with symptoms occurring 1 day to a week after infection and dehydration?
• Which nutrient provides energy in the diet and accounts for about 50% of daily intake?
• Xerophthalmia is a deficiency symptom primarily associated with which vitamin?
• Which vitamins are easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking?
• Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of which organisms?
• Which condition should be provided with at least 25 to 35 kcal per kg of body weight per day and adequate protein?
• Which cuisine emphasizes protein from seafood, chicken, and eggs and has sushi as a popular dish, with a note that fruits are needed?
• The body’s buffering system primarily helps regulate which property of blood?
• Which parasite causes gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea after consuming feces-contaminated food?
• When an organism is infectious, it is described as?
• Which condition is caused by lack of protein and leads to edema?
• Chemical substances found in food and necessary for good health, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water, are called what?
• Which condition during pregnancy is commonly described as high blood pressure that can include edema and protein in urine?
• Which vitamins are transported through the body by lipoproteins after absorption?
• Improperly canned foods can lead to a deadly foodborne illness caused by a toxin-producing bacterium. Which bacterium is it?
• What is the correct term for the sphincter controlling the opening from the stomach to the duodenum?
• Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
• What are the three main functions of the six essential nutrients?
• Dysentery is a disease caused by protozoa and is characterized by what symptom?
• The medical term for craving non-food substances during pregnancy is which of the following?
• Which enzyme secreted by the pancreas digests proteins?
• Which condition requires a high-fiber diet?
• What term describes a fatty deposit on the interior of artery walls that can lead to a heart attack or stroke when it blocks vessels?
• Disaccharides are composed of how many monosaccharide units?
• Which vitamin is described as an antioxidant protecting red blood cells?
• Water is essential for hydrolysis?
• Which term describes the ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body?
• Dietary fiber is best described as which part of plants?
• Which cuisine includes pineapple, mango, papayas, guava, and coconut?
• Which fluid contains plasma as its component?
• Which cuisine mentions pork and chicken as common, with beef sausage and fish also popular, and includes cabbage sauerkraut, carrots, turnips, potatoes, beans, lentils, onions, spatzle, dark bread, and muesli, while eggs and dairy are included and fat intake should be reduced?
• Lactose intolerance is caused by deficiency of which enzyme?
• Which element affects the rate of metabolism in the body?
• Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in which tissues?
• What are nitrogen-containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed?
• What is the primary function of protein in the body?
• Cajun is described as lacking calcium and vitamins D, E, and C. To which cuisine group does this description belong?
• Identify the form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the inner lining of the artery walls.
• Night blindness is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• What is the rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance?
• The grain germ is a rich source of which nutrients?
• A patient with an ileostomy may require supplementation with which vitamin due to altered absorption?
• Atherosclerosis increases the risk of which condition?
• Which disorders are cited as examples of chronic malabsorption?
• What is the primary function of the colon?
• Which process is described as combining nutrient oxygen within the cell and is also known as oxidation?
• Which cuisine notes lack of vitamin C?
• What is the generic term for thickened arteries?
• Three groups of lipids found naturally in the body and food?
• Which substance is needed to digest fats?
• Which bacterium is commonly found on human skin and can contaminate food leading to rapid onset of illness when ingested?
• Which cuisine focuses on rice and noodles with relatively more fish than other meats and has high sodium intake?
• What is the unit that represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C?
• Which condition is caused by an insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood volume?
• Wheat germ and liver are good sources of which vitamin?
• Which enzyme in the mouth begins digestion?
• What process changes polyunsaturated oil to saturated fat?
• Dysentery is an infection of which body system?
• Invisible fats would be found in which of the following items?
• Which substances absorbed from the large intestine are used as energy?
• What term correctly describes the building blocks that make up proteins?
• Which disease is managed with a gluten-controlled diet?
• What term describes measurements of height, weight, circumferences, and body composition?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three natural lipid groups?
• Galactose is produced from the digestion of which common dairy sugar?
• Which cuisine emphasizes salads, bread as the basis, fruity olive oil, and includes seafood, lamb, goat, and pork?
• Which fatty acids are considered essential because the body cannot synthesize them?
• Which statement correctly describes fat digestion?
• Which cuisine centers on lamb, pita and flat breads, legumes, chickpeas/hummus, dairy, and fruits such as dates and figs, and notes a need for more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• Which vitamin is known for its antioxidant role and importance in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, and immune regulation?
• What is the approximate safe cooking temperature for meat and eggs to ensure pathogens are killed?
• Which bacterium is commonly found in the intestines of animals and can be transmitted through contaminated water, milk, juice, meats, or produce?
• Which illness is the deadliest form of food poisoning?
• Which term is a B vitamin essential for metabolism?
• Which vitamins are fat soluble?
• Which nutrient deficiency can contribute to anemia by limiting hemoglobin production?
• Which type of carbohydrate is rich in dietary fiber and B vitamins?
• Simplesse is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Which term denotes the presence of excess base in the body?
• Which of the following foods is an incomplete protein source?
• In plants, glucose is stored in which form?
• The unit representing the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C is known as what?
• Which bacterium is found on human skin and open wounds and can cause rapid-onset food poisoning within 30 minutes to 8 hours?
• Trichinosis is caused by a parasitic roundworm associated with which food?
• Which body system transports fats throughout the body?
• Which device is used to measure body fat percentage by skinfold measurement?
• Olestra is a fat substitute used for which category of foods?
• Which cuisine notes calcium intake is low due to lactose intolerance?
• The presence of albumin in the urine during pregnancy is most closely associated with which condition?
• Which condition involves a greater need for salt and water due to excess losses and may require vitamin supplementation?
• Which vitamin is commonly added to cereals and breads alongside thiamine, riboflavin, or niacin to prevent neural tube defects?
• "Cafeteria germ" outbreaks occur with large quantities of food and involve a spore-forming pathogen. Which organism is described?
• Which device is used to estimate body fat percentage via skinfold measurement?
• Which cuisine includes plantains, green bananas, potatoes, squash, taro, and breadfruit?
• Which enzymes break proteins down into amino acids?
• Where does digestion begin in the gastrointestinal tract?
• The deadliest of bacterial food poisonings is?
• Which cuisine is described by down-home breads, fried fish, and vegetables, and is noted as high in fat, sodium, and carbs with deficiencies in iron, calcium, fiber, potassium, and vitamin C?
• Which vitamin is described as a prohormone for calcium and phosphorus and is heat-stable?
• Which fatty acid is commonly classified as nonessential in human nutrition?
• Which plant foods contain saturated fats?
• Intrinsic factor is secreted by which tissue to aid vitamin B12 absorption?
• Which illness is the deadliest form of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum?
• Phosphorus is found in which foods?
• Fatty acids are organic compounds of?
• Which mineral works with calcium to strengthen and maintain healthy bones and teeth?
• What term describes the food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed?
• Which element is a major component of the disulfide bonds in proteins?
• Which nutrient category is described as being richly supplied by fruits and vegetables?
• Which condition requires a low-residue diet?
• Where are most nutrients absorbed in the digestive system?
• Which of the following is a complete protein source listed in the material?
• Which substance neutralizes chyme in the small intestine and is released by the pancreas in response to secretin?
• How many calories are in one gram of protein?
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is what type of cholesterol?
• Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteomalacia; which condition can evolve into osteoporosis?
• Which condition is associated with edema caused by protein deficiency?
• Which cuisine includes corn, wheat, seafood, beef, pork, rice, olive oil, chicken, pinto beans, and okra; plantains, green bananas, potatoes, squash, taro, and breadfruit; pineapple, mango, papayas, guava, and coconut; Not enough calcium?
• Which statement accurately defines hypercholesterolemia?
• What is the name of the semi-fluid mass that moves from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine?
• Which of the following is a disaccharide?
• Which cuisine includes beans, rice, tomatoes, onions, jalapenos, chilies; pork, goat, garlic, wheat, refritos, avocados, cheese; Flan is a favorite dessert; and notes lacking vitamin C and low calcium due to lactose intolerance?
• Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
• Interstitial fluid is located where?
• If energy intake exceeds energy output over time, what happens to body weight?
• Where are maltase, sucrase, and lactase produced?
• Which foods are considered incomplete proteins?
• Destruction of red blood cells due to lack of which vitamin can occur?
• Pellagra is a disease caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which cuisine lists spatzle and muesli as main carbohydrate sources?
• Wheat germ and liver are good sources of which vitamin?
• Which hormone secreted from the pancreas controls glucose metabolism and lowers the glucose level in the blood?
• Vitamin for proper clotting of blood?
• Which substances absorbed in the large intestine are used as energy, known as volatile fatty acids?
• Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) with symptoms including heavy legs and burning feet?
• Potassium deficiency leads to which condition?
• Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease is called what?
• Sucrose, maltose, and lactose are classified as which type of carbohydrate?
• Which term describes glucose, fructose, and galactose collectively?
• Which group of vitamins are fat soluble and stored in the body's fatty tissues?
• Fluid within cells is called which?
• Which bacterium is known as the ‘‘cafeteria germ’’ that forms spores and is associated with large-scale foodborne outbreaks?
• Which compounds are considered provitamin A and may reduce cancer risk?
• Where does chemical digestion of proteins occur?
• A pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion is called what?
• Which illness is associated with raw meats and eggs and can begin 6 to 48 hours after ingestion?
• Which vitamin is an antioxidant essential for protection of cell structure, especially red blood cells?
• Fatigue and weakness are symptoms of which condition?
• Which secretion of the stomach mucosa is essential for vitamin B12 absorption?
• Fat alternative for baking?
• Which term refers to fatty tissue?
• Which statement about bacterial growth temperatures is true?
• Which cuisine is associated with down-home breads served with most meals?
• Which term is the generic descriptor for thickened arteries?
• High blood pressure, edema, and albumin in the urine are symptoms of which condition?
• Which mineral deficiency is commonly linked to delayed growth and hypogonadism?
• What is the canning temperature range in Fahrenheit?
• Which enzymes are noted as being present in children's gastric secretions in addition to the standard enzymes of the stomach?
• Pernicious anemia is a severe chronic anemia caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 and impaired absorption due to gastric secretions. Which condition is this?
• Which type of carbohydrate is the simplest form and requires no digestion?
• Which cuisine is described as needing more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• Which condition would commonly require a low-residue diet to minimize bowel movement frequency?
• What term describes unusually high levels of cholesterol in the blood, commonly seen with atherosclerosis?
• Which sugar is described as the product of digestion of milk?
• Which cuisine features pasta, rice, olives, and fruit as staples, with beef seldom used and dessert as fruit?
• Which molecules are glucose, fructose, and galactose classified as?
• What term means without vitamins?
• Which vitamin serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism and is essential to every body cell?
• Which vitamin is commonly added to cereals and breads?
• Which condition relates to low red blood cell counts or low hemoglobin?
• After digestion, all carbohydrates are converted to which sugar that the brain uses for energy?
• Which metabolic process uses oxygen within cells to produce energy?
• Parasites found in pork can lead to which disease?
• How many calories are in a gram of fat?
• What is the danger zone for food contamination in terms of temperature?
• Which term describes the protective regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids?
• Protein-deficient, calorie malnutrition, emaciated appearance describes which condition?
• What temperature inhibits the growth of Salmonella?
• Which organ primarily controls cholesterol metabolism?
• Which cuisine lists 5 essential grains—rice, soybeans, barley, wheat, millet—along with vegetables, and proteins from seafood, eggs, pork, chicken, beef, and tofu, while noting soy sauce is high in sodium and calcium is insufficient?
• Which parasite is a roundworm that can be contracted from undercooked pork?
• Which vitamin contains cobalt and is involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells?
• Which vitamin is essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein and is necessary for tissue maintenance and healthy eyes?
• Which foods are considered complete proteins?
• Fats provide the most concentrated form of what?
• Carotenoids are precursors to which vitamin?
• Which trio of electrolytes maintains the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids?
• What hormone promotes retention of water by the kidneys and is also known as Vasopressin?
• Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
• The outer covering of grain kernels that contains minerals, B vitamins, cellulose, and protein is called what?
• Which nutrient provides energy and is formed from glycerol, delivering about 9 calories per gram?
• A diet deficient in fats may be deficient in which essential fatty acid?
• Which vitamin is essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in the release of glucose from glycogen?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for breaking down lactose, maltose, and sucrose?
• Which statement about fat-soluble vitamins is true?
• Vitamins involved in red blood cell formation, increased intake during pregnancy, are which pair?
• Dietary fiber helps soften stool by absorbing water in which part of the digestive tract?
• What is the muscular movement that propels food through the digestive tract?
• Glycogen is stored in which tissues?
• Which option best describes a primary function of the stomach?
• Fat metabolism refers to which type of metabolic process?
• Which vitamin is often linked to energy metabolism and is essential for cellular function?
• What are the building blocks of proteins?
• One gram of carbohydrate provides how many calories?
• Thiamine, riboflavin, and B12 are found in which food group?
• Cholesterol is a sterol.
• What disease is caused by parasites found in pork and marked by severe diarrhea?
• Xerophthalmia is a deficiency sign associated with which vitamin?
• Cellulose is a polysaccharide that serves as the primary structural component of what?
• Which extracellular fluid solute is a major cation outside cells and helps regulate fluid balance?
• Excessive amount of protein can result in which condition?
• Omega-9 fatty acids are generally classified as nonessential.
• Which electrolyte is primarily located in intracellular fluid and maintains fluid balance?
• Which condition is described as needing small frequent meals and avoidance of esophageal irritants?
• What are the digestive secretions in the stomach that contain HCl, pepsin, and mucus called?
• Which statement about insoluble dietary fiber is supported by the material?
• Which illness is most commonly linked to outbreaks from consuming raw poultry and eggs and causes gastroenteritis?
• Which cuisine is characterized by large servings of meat with little vegetables and starch, and includes greens, potatoes, beets, mushrooms, barley, plums, rye, sausages, cheese, dark bread, and dairy, noted as needing more vitamins, minerals, and fiber?
• What term describes something that has been inhaled or suctioned?
• The coloring matter of blood is the component known as?
• Which sugar is commonly found in yogurt?
• Which process converts polyunsaturated oil into saturated fat?
• Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin D that causes malformed bones and pain in infants is called?
• What condition is caused by malfunction of a valve or sphincter that can lead to acid reflux?
• Which term is a sugar substitute produced by combining two amino acids?
• What is another name for riboflavin?
• Cholesterol contributes to which condition?
• Tetany is caused by the deficiency of which mineral?
• Substances that cause altered physical reactions are called what?
• Which intracellular electrolyte is essential for maintaining cellular function and fluid balance?
• Which enzyme reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol?
• Which of the following can cause iron deficiency?